Friday, May 29, 2020

Risk Management Business

Software Project Management (CI6113) Title: Reviewing the Past Research Papers on Risk Management Abstract Risk Management is nowadays the important research topic in the many critical business areas and industrial areas. Project teams do not achieve their projects goals of reducing cost and gaining much profit without assessing risks and managing risks. This term paper analyzes research papers done by many researches in the field of the Risk Management within 2000 and 2007 and describes the results of the analysis of those research papers. Our goal of this paper is to inference and to justify the trend of the Risk management in research areas and business areas. There are many topics in the Risk Management such as Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and others. This paper’s analysis path is starting from the project risk identification and end with the risk control topic. This paper provides the results what the gaps between researches are. Furthermore, this paper learns briefly what the problems and trends before year 2000 are. Introduction This paper examines the results of the past research papers published from 2000 through 2007. We focus on Risk Management and their related topics. In addition, we also examine the trends of the Risk Management within this period. We analyze which topic had been researched most in a particular year and which methods were used in that year. This paper learns publications issued by year by year and group them in each year. In addition, we analyze the topics which are relating to the specified topic. We found trends of the research in a year while we were learning them. According to the past results came from publications, we can make sense of mind for future of the Risk Management. This paper examines the situation which can become in future according to the study. Background Many project managers and strategic management are concerning about risks in long term strategic basic. So, we need to learn the risks. Risk is the uncertainty in the life cycle of the project. In 2003, Webster’s New Explorer College Dictionary defines the risk as â€Å"the possibility of danger and sufferance of harm or injury†. Risk cannot be seen without any emphasize upon it. In addition, risks can also give hopes to the successful project. So, if risks which cannot be seen before could be found and assessed then the proposed project will be successful. But risks found and assessed can never be avoided. It can be reduced by using the some techniques or adjustments. Some risks can be ignored without any executing. Risk may terrify to some persons related to the project because if it could not be uncovered, the team may incompetent in managing the project. According to the problems, risk management was critical issue of the project management. Researchers were do ing researches to reduce and manage the risks which can be encountered in a project. People in the business areas were also finding the ways how to ignore the encountered risks. Some are finding how to control the risks. In addition, they were finding what risks can violate the project management unless they did not control the risks encountered. A risk which encounters in a year is not the same as the problem in another year. Because of the nature of project which depends on the World’s business. As changing the nature of the business, the nature of the risks is becoming change. Furthermore, research area is also changing according to the nature of the risk. So, the research trend for a year may not same as the trend of another year. To learn the research trend turmoil, we need to learn publications issued from 2000 through 2007. The next section will explain the importance of our paper. Situation of the paper There are many researches for the project management. Past research (Timothy Warrren, 2002) had done a research for the whole project management. It covered research published in English from 1960 through 1999. This paper covered within the period of 2000 and 2007 learned the topics of the risk management. We separated the research areas according to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). These are Risk Identification and Assessment, Risk Qualification, Risk Response Development and Risk Control. Objectives of the paper The objective of this paper is to learn the trend of the Risk Management in past research publication. We restricted the period to be learned for each topic. This paper is intended to learn that how the risks emerged during the project time, is handled using which tools and methods. This paper intended to find the gaps between researches in each year and whole period of year 2000 and 2007. The paper learned only risk management out of topics of project management for the period. So, the other topics can be learned like our paper. These are Communication, Cost, Procurement, Human Resource, Outsourcing, Integration, Quality, Scope and Time Management. Literature review In this era, many companies conduct a great portion of their jobs in project form. Traditionally projects were mainly found in the construction industry and sections of the military, but the competitiveness of the markets of today with fast-changing technology encourages almost all companies to adopt project management (Burke 2003). Project management is the application of knowledge, skill, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirement. Project management is accomplished through the use of the processes such as: initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing (PMBOK guide 2000). Because of global economical pressures, turbulence in the corporate environment and market forces leading to the increasing demands and tougher competition projects have to be implemented at lesser time, cost and with better functionalities. This causes growing demands on the management’s ability to forecast and react to unforeseeable events- risks. Risk is an abstract concept whose measurement is very difficult (Raftery, 1994). The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary – 5th Edition defines risk as â€Å"The possibility or chance of meeting danger, suffering loss or injury†. The British Standard BS 4778 defines risk as â€Å"A combination of the probability, or frequency, of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence†. Risk may be expressed in a mathematical form as follows: Risk = (Probability of the occurrence of a defined event) x (Consequences of the occurrence of that event) Therefore, risk management is nowadays a critical factor to successful project management. Overview of Risk Management Project risk management is the art and science of identifying, analyzing, and responding to risk throughout the life of a project and in the best interests of meeting project objectives. (Schwalbe, 2006) Risk management has been practiced informally by everyone, with or without conscious of it, since the dawn of time. Modern risk management, which had become a widely accepted management function during the period from 1955-1964 (Snider, 1991) has its roots in insurance to which it has been closely aligned for more than three centuries (Ibid). The story of risk management has not all been positive and supports the argument that it is currently ineffective at managing surprise. In the 1960’s project management was under heavy criticism for project failures due to technical uncertainty, contact strategy, community opposition and project environmental impacts (Morris, 1997). A project manager may still today argue that the last two are external project factors and outside the immediate project environment under their control (Ibid) and it may be often assumed that these will be passed up the line to higher management levels (Chapman Ward, 1997). The main objectives of risk management include (Yee et al., 2001): To enable decision-making to be more systematic and less subjective. To provide an improved understanding of the risks facing a project by identifying risks and response scenarios. To assist in deciding which risks require urgent attention and which can be addressed later. To force management to realize that there are many possible outcomes for a project, and appropriate measures should be planned for any adverse consequences. Flanagan and Norman (1993) proposed a risk management framework as shown in Fig.3.1 which depicts the elements of the risk management system – risk identification, risk classification, risk analysis, risk attitude and risk response. Risk Identification Risk Classification Risk Analysis Risk Response Risk Attitude Figure 2.1 Risk management Framework (Source: Flanagan Norman, 1993) According to (PMBOK, PMI 2000) and (Schwalbe 2006), Project Risk Management has following processes Risk Management Planning Risk Identification Qualitative Risk Analysis Quantitative Risk Analysis Risk Response Planning Risk Monitoring and Control The following Fig.3.2 depicts how risk management processes involved in each of the project management process Initiation Planning Executing Controlling Closing Risk Identification Risk Identification Risk Response Control Risk Quantification Risk Response Development Fig 2.2 Risk Management Processes in each Project Management Process (Source: Dan Brandon, 2006) Risk management will not eradicate all the risks. It will enable decision to be made explicitly which will reduce the potential effect of certain risks. It will also assist in rational, defensible decisions regarding the allocation of risk among the parties to the project. Risk analysis is not a substitute for professional judgments and experience. On the other hand, it helps professionals to make use of the full extent of their experience and knowledge by liberating them from the necessity of making simplifying assumptions in order to produce deterministic plans and forecasts. Risk analysis is supplement to, not a substitute for professional judgments. Recent Approaches to Risk Management Project risk management is a topic of major current interest. It is being actively addressed by many government agencies and most of the professional project management associations around the world, and many relevant standards are extant or being developed. Some examples from the many approaches in use include: (Cooper D., Grey S., Raymond G., Walker P., 2005) †¢ Project Management Institute (PMI), USA (2003), Project Management Body of Knowledge, Chapter 11 on risk management; †¢ Association for Project Management, UK (1997), PRAM Guide; †¢ AS/NZS 4360 (2004), Risk Management, Standards Association of Australia; †¢ IEC 62198 (2001), Project Risk Management—Application Guidelines; †¢ Office of Government Commerce (OGC), UK (2002), Management of Risk; and †¢ Treasury Board of Canada (2001), Integrated Risk Management Framework We fill the research gap in risk management field from year 2000 to 2007. Methodology We conduct a quantitative bibliographic study on pass papers published from year 2000 to 2007. We collected papers and journals from electronic databases– ACM, IEEE and ProQuest. Our objective of this paper is to find the current research trend on Risk Management by analyzing and categorizing those research papers. Project Risk Management Research It is the process of finding what current researchers are emphasizing in. It includes defining the current works on project management, particularly on Risk Management articles and papers. Then make generalized conclusion based on collected and analyzed works. This conclusion or judgment is made based on project risk management processes– risk management planning, risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, quantitative risk analysis, risk response planning, risk monitoring and control (PMBOK 2000, Schwalbe 2006). Sources of data We collected articles and papers published in years 2000 to 2007 from these databases which are known to be rich information about project management. ACM Digital Library ACM digital library includes magazines, journals, transactions, publications by affiliated Organizations, SIG news letters, Conference Proceeding Series. ACM digital library provides service for individual, universities, libraries and corporations. We find that risk management is one of the research fields in many businesses and industries. ACM includes diversity of business and industrial processes which enables us to inference the future trend in different fields. IEEE Explore To support our conclusion and get strong analytical results, we also collect articles and papers from IEEE explore which has more technical articles and papers than ACM digital library. It includes 1,682,970 online documents to be referenced. ProQuest Another supporting database which we extracted articles and papers is ProQuest. That includes ABI/INFORM databases, dissertation and theses, etc. Data analysis from that database will be icy on our research cake Data selection from the databases We conduct full text search in above databases using author, title, keywords based on year. Then tasks are separated among us based on years and combined later. Papers and articles are found based on the following criteria: Keywords: Risk Management, Risk Identification, Risk Analysis, Risk Transfer, Risk Control, Risk Response Years: 2000 to 2007 Output format and research data representation Output format will be as the following: Researchers Title Database Risk Category Year Business Category Sub Category Method The papers and articles are attached in the appendix B. We classified each paper into specific risk management processes (PMBOK 2000, Schwalbe 2006). We also analyzed which business category that each paper falls into and which specific method do they use in conducting the specified risk management Process. To get the consistent taxonomy in risk management, we identified the papers and articles into the categories guided by (PMBOK 2000, Schwalbe 2006). They are: Risk Management Planning: This is how businesses and industries plan and handle for risk. Risk Identification: This is how businesses and industries emphasize on identification of risk throughout their organizational processes. Risk Analysis: This involves how organizations conduct quantitative and qualitative risk analysis based on sampling and probability/impact matrixes. Risk Response Planning: This shows how organizations develop risk response strategies like how to avoid, how to have tolerance, how to mitigate risk, how to transfer risk etc. Risk Monitoring and Control: This involves how organizations monitor the identified risks, new risks through out the execution of the projects. Business and industrial categories are identified as follow: Construction Education Finance Healthcare Insurance Information Technology Disaster E-commerce E-banking Internet Business Information Security Software development Maritime Marketing Organizational Process Pure General Research Terrorism We also found that information technology risk management plays a great role in modern businesses and industries because of wider usage of internet and web technologies. Our analyzed data will be represented in pie chart, bar chart and line chart by comparing different categories, different risk manage processes, different years etc. Data Collection and Analysis Data Collection We used digital databases web site – ACM, IEEE and ProQuest for scholar paper and articles and the existing search engines – google and yahoo. But we are not unable to get some papers from the search engines. So, we used these to get only information which papers are located in which databases. Using information returned from the search engines, we search the desired papers in the databases. The following chart, Fig 1 shows the state of the materials found in the three sources – ACM, IEEE and ProQuest. Figure 1 Distribution of papers There are 113 papers found in those databases. We summarized the papers found in the three sources. We categorized by the papers by using PMBOK guide. We provided the Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment, Risk Control, Risk Response and Risk Identification. The following diagrams show the results. We learned that ACM database has more papers related to the risk management as in Fig 2. Other two databases have papers. But some pa pers are general for risk management. So, we discarded the papers and then we collected the more specified papers which are related to the above titles. We prepared the results with some charts as shown in below figures. Figure 2 Research papers found in ACM database by category Figure 3 Research papers found in IEEE database by category Figure 4 Research papers found in ProQuest database by category The above figures, Fig 2, Fig 3, Fig 4 show that the papers found in the ACM, IEEE, ProQuest database are shown by categories. Risk analysis is mostly conducted by majority of researchers. It was conducted mostly in year 2005 and 2006. Risk assessment and risk response research areas are fewer than other risk management process areas. Research for risk response is very rare, not fairly distributed and found in certain year. Data Analysis The trends of the risk analysis for the year 2000-2007 are shown in graph, Fig 5. We learned that IT project management was highest in recent 7 years. Figure 5 Trends in different business and industries within year 2000-2007 Information Technology We learned that there are varieties of IT projects. We categorized it as follow. Software Development E-Banking Disaster Information Security E-Commerce Internet Business When we categorized these topics, we found that some fields are ambiguous to group them. Some fields are software performance testing and fields emerged after the development phase. We grouped these fields were in the Software Development part. We grouped Networking security and other Internet security fields into the Information Security part. We formed a group for the Internet Banking as a E-Banking. In the Disaster group, we put the some disasters in the Disaster parts. These disasters sometime can be seen when processing some tasks in IT such as software error, hardware crash, and wrong information usages. We collected the potential security risks and group them into the Information Security group. Internet Business can be confused with E-Commerce and E-Banking. We intended the Internet Business to group the fields of the some businesses which are using Internet and make transactions via internet such as Online Registration. We found that Software Development risk analysi s is most famous. In 2006, Software Development trend is the more than year 2005 and 2007. But year 2007 is not ended. So we can’t make any decision for that year. Figure 6 Risk management processes in different information technology fields Internet Business is the second thing to be learned. But Information security is down in 2006. Internet Business is coming up. Construction Construction group has the fields of which are architectural fields and construction works. We learned that in 2000 and 2001, there are some interests upon that field. In 2001, the construction field can be seen as a hottest field. Education We grouped the some fields in to Education group that fields are Education fields, learning methods in Education. The research related with the Education can be seen in the year 2004 only. Finance Finance group is wide. We formed the Finance group for some fields that are Cost Estimation, Accounting, Management Accounting and Banking. The finance is most famous in 2004. In the subsequence year, trend for the finance is running down to bottom. Healthcare We collected the data for the healthcare. But it is difficult to collect for the healthcare. We learned that in 2005, healthcare was appropriate level. But later, we cannot see it until 2007. Marketing In 2002 and 2005, marketing was in regular level. In 2003 and 2006, it was high up to 2. So, we learned that marketing was the regular level. Organization In the organization group, we combine the Oil Field, NASA, and some other organization-oriented fields. There are some researches for the organization in every year. There are some researches in the organization group within 2002 and 2006. Terrorism Terrorism was the new emerging fields after 9/11 problem. But later, we were not available for that field later years. This group is an exception for the risk management. But it is one thing to be considered later. Maritime Maritime was the individual fields. We did not combine any fields to that group. This category can be seen in only 2001. Insurance Insurance is the same as the Maritime. We learned that that group is only one field. We learned that the field was in the 2004 and 2005. But Insurance can become an interesting topic in future. General In General group, we combine other fields such as some theory approves and lecture views. Before conclusion section, we intended to present the findings as summary of data collection and analysis. Risk management is the sub-set of Project management. In academic field, risk management researches are becoming increasingly. According to our analysis, risk management researches related to Information Technology are highest topic of the research filed. But one of our exceptional cases is that we need to learn many research papers from many databases. We studied only three databases and 113 research papers. If we learned more papers, we can get more perfect result. In this paper, we categorized only 11 fields. It is general for the risk management. To get the better result, we also need to categorize the exact fields out of many fields. We can also categorize the risk management fields more according to the PMBOK guide. Conclusion and recommendation Business organization and industries suffer from lost and harm because of poor handling in risk management. They have been enduring the agonizing outcomes of failure in the form of unusual delays in project completion, with cost surpassing the budgeted cost and sometimes failed to meet quality standards and functional requirements. Competition among rivals makes the companies to deliver projects in less time and cost with better functionality. Risk management is a predefined and structured approach for identifying and analyzing potential risks associated with a project so that effective risk treatment can be done at the lowest cost. It is not impossible to eliminate all risk and costly to overdo risk management, but it is also unwise to think of eliminating risk. There will be, sometimes, positive risks those will lead to profit if properly analyzed and identified. Our term paper provides an analysis on papers and articles and conduct bibliographic study by particular risk ma nagement process and business category. Risk management researches are mostly done in mission critical environments and risky projects. As internet booms, information security and e-business issues are associated with a lot of risks. We found that majority of research papers are related to information technology in last decade. Risk in credit portfolio management, supply chain, pricing and insurance fields are also researched as they are related to financial lost and harm. Though risk management can offer significant benefits to a project in order to reduce nasty surprises and identify and act upon opportunities, it is, however, not a ‘panacea’ for the problems and surprises which befall many projects and should not be seen as the ‘silver bullet of project management’ (Pavyer, 2004) as Murphy’s Law is the governing law of project management: if something can go wrong, will go wrong. As we collected from three databases, mainly from ACM, our res ult can be a little affected by other finding and papers. Results will be slightly different as we go though several databases. Even thought we titled to 2007, we believe that other findings and papers will come out during this year. But based on our analysis, some inferences and emerging trends can be seen. Recommendations As people and management are aware of the importance of risk management processes, it would be more affective and appropriate to put more emphasis on formal and or informal education and training to further enhance their awareness of risk management. Formal education could be graduate studies in financial project management, software project management and construction project management etc. Informal education and training could be in the form of career development programs or workshops within organization or organized by academic institutions or professional seminars. Each organization should have own risk management plan, risk response plan, and human risk factors plan. Risk management team should be formed according to project manager’s guidelines and organizational goals. Project manager must aware of current risk management trends and technological trends for long term strategic planning. Researchers on risk management should cooperate and conduct on research areas which have been done less like autonomous agent systems, spacecraft systems, information security management. Appendix A. Reference Burke, R. (2003). â€Å"Product Management.† Biddles Ltd, Guildford. Brandon, D. (2006) â€Å"Project Management for Modern Information Systems† IRM Press Cooper D., Grey S., Raymond G., Walker P., (2005) Managing Risk in Large Projects and Complex Procurements. Chapman, R. J., and Ward, S. (1997). â€Å"Project Risk Management Processes, Techniques and Insights† John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. Flanagan, R., and Norman, G. (1993). Risk Management and Construction, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Pavyer, E. (2004). â€Å"Evaluating Project Risk.† Strategic Risk Management, Auguest 2004, 24-25 Project management institute (2000). â€Å"A Gide to Project Management Body of Knowledge† Project management institute, 6 Raftery, J. (1994). Risk Analysis in Project Management, E FN SPON, London, UK. Snider, H. W. (1991). â€Å"Risk Management: A Retrospective View.† Risk Management April, 47-54 Schwalbe, K. (2006). â€Å"Inform ation Technology Project Management.† Thomson Course Technology, 425 Yee, C. W., Chan, P., and Hu, G. (2001). Construction Insurance and Risk Management- A Practical Guide for Construction Professionals, The Singapore Contractors Association Ltd., Singapore. Appendix B. List of papers Researchers Title Database Risk Category Year Business Category Sub Category Steven L. Cornford, Martin S. Feather,John C. Kelly, Timothy W. Larson, Burton Sigal,James D. Kiper Design and Development Assessment ACM Risk Assessment 2000 IT Mary Sumner Enterprise Wide Information Management Systems Projects ACM Risk Identification 2000 IT Norman Fenton Martin Nell Software Metrics: Roadmap ACM Risk Assessment 2000 IT Osamu Mizuno, Tohru Kikuno,Yasunari Takagi, Keishi Sakamoto Characterization of Risky Projects based on Project Managers’ Evaluation ACM Risk Identification 2000 IT Jahyun Goo,Rajiv Kishore, H.Raghav Rao A CONTENT-ANALYTIC LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE DRIVERS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS OUTSOURCING ACM Risk Response 2000 IT Paul Glasserman,Philip Heidelberger VARIANCE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR VALUE-AT-RISK WITH HEAVY-TAILED RISK FACTORS ACM Risk Analysis 2000 Finance Mukul Gupta,Alok R. Chaturvedi,Shailendra Mehta, Lorenzo Valeri THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT ISSUES FOR ONLINE FINANCIAL SERVICES ACM Risk Response 2000 Finance Banking Dennis M Thompson. Transferability of knowledge-based cost engineering skills and techniques PROQUEST Risk Assessment 2000 General Allan D Chasey, Ann M Schexnayder. Constructability: The key to reducing investment risk PROQUEST Risk Assessment 2000 Construction Lorenzo Valeri, Ellen McDermott, Dan Geer Information Security is Information Risk Management ACM Risk Analysis 2001 IT STEVE GODDARD, SHERRI K. HARMS, STEPHEN E. REICHENBACH, TSEGAYE TADESSE, AND WILLIAM J. WALTMAN GEOSPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT FOR DROUGHT RISK MANAGEMENT ACM 2002 IT Disaster William Lewis, Jr., Richard T. Watson, and Ann Pickren An Empirical Assessment of IT Disaster Risk ACM Risk Assessment 2003 IT Disaster Merrick, van Dorp, Mazzuchi, and Harrald MODELING RISK IN THE DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION ACM Risk Analysis 2001 Maritime Brenda McCabe, Donald Ford USING BELIEF NETWORKS TO ASSESS RISK ACM Risk Analysis 2001 construction Deepak Bajaj. Corporate risk assessment in the construction industry: An Australian perspective PROQUEST Risk Assessment 2001 Construction Talal Abi-Karam Manageing risk in design-build PROQUEST Risk Analysis 2001 Construction Deepak Bajaj. Risk response and contingency strategies among contractors in Sydney, Australia PROQUEST Risk Analysis 2001 Construction Huaiqing Wang, John Mylopoulos, and Stephen Liao INTELLIGENT AGENTS and Financial Risk Monitoring Systems ACM Risk Monitor 2002 Finance Jeremy Staum SIMULATION IN FINANCIAL ENGINEERING ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Finance Mehdi Aboulfadl,Ritesh Pradhan A SPOT PRICING FRAMEWORK TO ENABLE PRICING AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF INTER-DOMAIN ASSURED BANDWIDTH SERVICES ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Finance Eduardo Saliby, Flavio Pacheco AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF SAMPLING METHODS IN RISK ANALYSIS SIMULATION: QUASI-MONTE CARLO, DESCRIPTIVE SAMPLING, AND LATIN HYPERCUBE SAMPLING ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Finance Syed A. Saleem Ethical Hacking as a risk management technique ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Disaster Ioannis V. Koskosas,Ray J. Paul The Interrelationship and Effect of Culture and Risk Communication in Setting Internet Banking Security Goals ACM Risk Assessment 2004 IT E-Banking Mitsuaki Nakasumi, Faculty of Economics Credit Risk Management System on e-Commerce: Case Based Reasoning approach ACM 2003 IT E-Commernce Masamitsu Moriyama, Kentaro Takemoto, Takio Shimosakon Risk Management for Electronic Commerce between Japan and China ACM Risk Control 2004 IT E-Commernce Yanping WANG,Feng ZHAO Electronic Commerce Project Character and Risk Factor Analyses ACM Risk Identification 2005 IT E-Commernce KESHNEE PADAYACHEE An Interpretive Study of Software Risk Management Perspectives ACM Risk Analysis 2002 IT Peggy Fung, Lam-for Kwok, Dennis Longley Electronic Information Security Documentation ACM Risk Assessment 2002 IT Information Security Peggy Fung, Lam-for Kwok, Dennis Longley Electronic Information Security Documentation ACM Risk Analysis 2002 IT Information Security Athanassios N. Avramidis IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR MULTIMODAL FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATION TO PRICING EXOTIC OPTIONS ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Marketing Carlos Magno C. Jacinto DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION FOR THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL FIELD ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Organization Oil Field Alan Weatherall, Frank Hailstones Risk Identification and Analysis using a Group Support System (GSS). IEEE Risk Identification 2002 Organization Alan Weatherall, Frank Hailstones Risk Identification and Analysis using a Group Support System (GSS). IEEE Risk Analysis 2002 Organization Mick Bauer Practical Threat Analysis and Risk Management ACM Risk Analysis 2002 Paul Glasserman,Jingyi Li IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR A MIXED POISSON MODEL OF PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance Zhi Huang,Perwez Shahabuddin RARE-EVENT, HEAVY-TAILED SIMULATIONS USING HAZARD FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS, WITH APPLICATIONS TO VALUE-AT-RISK ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance Jeremy Staum, Samuel Ehrlichman, Vadim Lesnevski WORK REDUCTION IN FINANCIAL SIMULATIONS ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance William J. Morokoff SIMULATION METHODS FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance Michele Amico,Zbigniew J. Pasek, Farshid Asl, Giovanni Perrone A NEW METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE THE REAL OPTIONS OF AN INVESTMENT USING BINOMIAL TREES AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance John M. Mulvey,Hafize G. Erkan RISK MANAGEMENT OF A P/C INSURANCE COMPANY, SCENARIO GENERATION, SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Finance ELMARIE BIERMAN,ELSABE CLOETE Classification of Malicious Host Threats in Mobile Agent Computing ACM Risk Identification 2002 IT Information Security Mohamed Hamdi, Noureddine Boudriga Algebraic Specification of Network Security Risk Management ACM Risk Analysis 2003 IT Information Security Lawrence A. Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Tashfeen Sohail A Framework for Using Insurance For Cyber-Risk Management ACM Risk Analysis 2003 IT Information Security Scott Flinn,Steve Stoyles Omnivore: Risk Management through Bidirectional Transparency ACM Risk Analysis 2004 IT Information Security ANITA VORSTER AND LES LABUSCHAGNE ANITA VORSTER AND LES LABUSCHAGNE ACM Risk Analysis 2005 IT Information Security Janine L. Spears The Effects of User Participation in Identifying Information Security Risk in Business Processes ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Information Security Vital Roy,Benoit A. Aubert A Resource-Based Analysis of IT Sourcing ACM Risk Response 2002 IT Internet Business Jeremy Staum EFFICIENT SIMULATIONS FOR OPTION PRICING ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Marketing Tarja Joro, Paul Na A SIMULATION-BASED CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP PRICING APPROACH UNDER JUMP-DIFFUSION ACM Risk Analysis 2003 Marketing Azadeh Davoodi and Ankur Srivastava Voltage Scheduling Under Unpredictabilities: A Risk Management Paradigm ACM Risk Control 2003 Organization Melissa J. Dark Assessing Student Performance Outcomes in an Information Security Risk Assessment, Service Learning Course ACM Risk Identification 2004 Education Vadim Lesnevski,Barry L. Nelson,Jeremy Staum SIMULATION OF COHERENT RISK MEASURES ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance Mark Broadie,Ãâ€"zgà ¼r Kaya EXACT SIMULATION OF OPTION GREEKS UNDER STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY AND JUMP DIFFUSION MODELS ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance Zhi Huang, Perwez Shahabuddin A UNIFIED APPROACH FOR FINITE-DIMENSIONAL, RARE-EVENT MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance William J. Morokoff TUTORIAL ON PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance Menghui Cao, William J. Morokoff PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK ANALYSIS INVOLVING CDO TRANCHES ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance Tarja Joro, Anne R. Niu, Paul Na A SIMULATION-BASED FIRST-TO-DEFAULT (FTD) CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP (CDS) PRICING APPROACH UNDER JUMP-DIFFUSION ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance William J. Morokoff AN IMPORTANCE SAMPLING METHOD FOR PORTFOLIOS OF CREDIT RISKY ASSETS ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Finance Yasuhiko Kitamura,Takuya Murao Risk Management Methods for Speculative Actions ACM Risk Analysis 2004 General Graham Lord FADS AND FALLACIES IN ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT FOR LIFE INSURANCE ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Insurance Xiaoxia Jia , Xizhao Zhou The Risk Identification and Monitoring of Electronic Business IEEE Risk Identification 2005 IT Internet Business Xiaoxia Jia , Xizhao Zhou The Risk Identification and Monitoring of Electronic Business IEEE Risk Monitoring 2005 IT Internet Business Bernd Freimut, Susanne Hartkopf, Peter Kaiser, Jyrki Kontio, Werner Kobitzsch An Industrial Case Study of Implementing Software Risk Management ACM Risk Analysis 2001 IT Software Development Marvin V. Zelkowitz, Ioana Rus Understanding IVV in a Safety Critical and Complex Evolutionary Environment: The NASA Space Shuttle Program1 IEEE Risk Analysis 2001 IT Software Development Yanping Chen,Robert L. Probert,D. Paul Sims Specification-based Regression Test Selec-tion with Risk Analysis ACM Risk Analysis 2002 IT Software Development Là ©a A. Deleris,Debra Elkins, M. Elisabeth Patà ©-Cornell ANALYZING LOSSES FROM HAZARD EXPOSURE: A CONSERVATIVE PROBABILISTIC ESTIMATE USING SUPPLY CHAIN RISK SIMULATION ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Organization Supply Chain Darcie Durham, Melinda M. Gallo Integration Risks for the nternational Space Station and Orbital Space lanel IEEE Risk Identification 2004 Organization Space Agency Gordon Woo HOMELAND SECURITY GUEST ADDRESS MANAGING THE RISK OF TERRORISM? ACM Risk Analysis 2004 Terrorism Gus Rodewald Aligning Information Security Investments with a Firms Risk Tolerance ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Finance William J. Morokoff SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION AND CREDIT MIGRATION MODELS FOR CREDIT PORTFOLIOS ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Finance William J. Morokoff SIMULATION OF RISK AND RETURN PROFILES FOR PORTFOLIOS OF CDO TRANCHES ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Finance Achal Bassamboo,Sandeep Juneja EXPECTED SHORTFALL IN CREDIT PORTFOLIOS WITH EXTREMAL DEPENDENCE ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Finance Wanmo Kang,Perwez Shahabuddin FAST SIMULATION FOR MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO CREDIT RISK IN THE t-COPULA MODEL ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Finance Martin Lorenz, Jan D. Gehrke, Hagen Langer, and Ingo J. Timm,Joachim Hammer Situationaware Risk Management in AutonomousAgents ACM Risk Identification 2005 General Eunice Maytorena, Graham M. Winch, Jim Freeman, and Tom Kiely The Influence of Experience and Information Search Styles on Project Risk Identification Performance PROQUEST Risk Identification 2005 General Sara Albolino,Sebastiano Bagnara Building a reporting and learning culture of medical failures in a healthcare system ACM Risk Identification, Risk Analysis 2005 Healthcare Ian P. Leistikow, MD,Geert H. Blijham, MD PhD System-based risk analysis in healthcare ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Healthcare Rosalind L. Bennett, Daniel A. Nuxoll,Robert A. Jarrow A LOSS DEFAULT SIMULATION MODEL OF THE FEDERAL BANK DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUNDS ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Insurance TOM ADDISON,SEEMA VALLABH,KPMG Controlling Software Project Risks – an Empirical Study of Methods used by Experienced Project Managers. ACM Risk Control 2002 IT Software Development Audun Jà ¸sang, Daniel Bradley, Svein J. Knapskog Belief-Based Risk Analysis ACM Risk Analysis 2003 IT Software Development Padmal Vitharana RISKS AND CHALLENGES OF COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ACM Risk Assessment 2003 IT Software Development Don Gotterbarn and Tony Clear Using SoDISâ„ ¢ as a Risk Analysis Process: A Teaching Perspective ACM Risk Analysis 2003 IT Software Development Hazel Taylor The Move to Outsourced IT Projects: Key Risks from the Provider Perspective ACM Risk Analysis 2005 IT Jens Dibbern, Tim Goles Information Systems Outsourcing: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature ACM Risk Response 2004 IT Software Development Linda Wallace and Mark Keil SOFTWARE PROJECT RISKS AND THEIR EFFECT ON OUTCOMES ACM Risk Identification 2004 IT Software Development Hà ©lio R. Costa, Hà ©lio R. Costa, Guilherme H. Travassos A Risk Based Economical Approach for Evaluating Software Project Portfolios ACM Risk Analysis 2005 IT Software Development Zaid Dwaikat, Francesco Parisi-Presicce Risky Trust: Risk-Based Analysis of Software Systems ACM Risk Analysis 2005 IT Software Development Phillip G. Armour Project Portfolios: Organizational Management of Risk ACM Risk Identification 2005 IT Software Development Eduardo Saliby, Jaqueline T. M. Marins, Josete F. dos Santos OUT-OF-THE-MONEY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OPTION PRICING: THE JOINT USE OF IMPORTANCE SAMPLING AND DESCRIPTIVE SAMPLING ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Marketing Nicolas Dulac, Nancy Leveson,David Zipkin, Stephen Friedenthal,Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, John Carroll,Betty Barrett USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS FOR SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMPLEX ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Organization Space Agency Là ©a A. Deleris, Feryal Erhun RISK MANAGEMENT IN SUPPLY NETWORKS USING MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Organization Supply Chain Douglas A. Bodner, William B. Rouse, Michael J. Pennock USING SIMULATION TO ANALYZE RD VALUE CREATION ACM Risk Analysis 2005 Organization R D Ye Yang,Barry Boehm,Betsy Clark Assessing COTS Integration Risk Using Cost Estimation Inputs ACM Risk Analysis 2006 Finance Vadim Lesnevski, Barry L. Nelson, Jeremy Staum AN ADAPTIVE PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING COHERENT RISK MEASURES BASED ON GENERALIZED SCENARIOS IEEE Risk Analysis 2006 Finance Michael Gordy,Sandeep Juneja EFFICIENT SIMULATION FOR RISK MEASUREMENT IN PORTFOLIO OF CDOS IEEE Risk Analysis 2006 Finance Dalton F. Andrade,Pedro A. Barbetta,Paulo J. de Freitas Filho,Ney A. de Mello Zunino USING COPULAS IN RISK ANALYSIS IEEE Risk Analysis 2006 General Jamie L. Smith Shawn A. Bohner D. Scott McCrickard Project Management for the 21st Century: Supporting Collaborative Design through Risk Analysis ACM Risk Analysis 2005 IT Software Development Peter Hearty,Norman Fenton and Martin Neil,Patrick Cates Automated Population of Causal Models for Improved Software Risk Assessment ACM Risk Assessment 2005 IT Software Development John Burton,Fergal Mc Caffery,Ita Richardson A Risk Management Capability Model for use in Medical Device Companies ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Software Development Blair Taylor,Shiva Azadegan Threading Secure Coding Principles and Risk Analysis into the Undergraduate Computer Science and Information Systems Curriculum ACM Risk Identification, Risk Response 2006 IT Software Development Hazel Taylor CRITICAL RISKS IN OUTSOURCED IT PROJECTS:THE INTRACTABLE AND THE UNFORESEEN ACM Risk Control 2006 IT Software Development Robert J. Walker, Reid Holmes, Ian Hedgeland, Puneet Kapur, Andrew Smith A Lightweight Approach to Technical Risk Estimation via Probabilistic Impact Analysis ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Software Development John C. Beachboard,Alma Cole,Mike Mellor, Steven Hernandez,Kregg Aytes,Nelson Massad A Tentative Proposal: Improving Information Assurance Risk Analysis Models for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises Through Adoption of an Open Development ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Software Development Paul Luo Li, James Herbsleb, Mary Shaw,Brian Robinson Experiences and Results from Initiating Field Defect Prediction and Product Test Prioritization Efforts at ABB Inc. ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Software Development Mingshu Li, Meng Huang, Fengdi Shu, and Juan Li A Risk-Driven Method for eXtreme Programming Release Planning ACM Risk Analysis 2006 IT Software Development Gang Zhao,Yakun Zhou,Pirooz Vakili A NEW EFFICIENT SIMULATION STRATEGY FOR PRICING PATH-DEPENDENT OPTIONS ACM Risk Analysis 2006 Marketing Achal Bassamboo,Sachin Jain EFFICIENT IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR REDUCED FORM MODELS IN CREDIT RISK IEEE Risk Analysis 2006 Marketing Matthias Heindl, Stefan Biffl Risk Management with Enhanced Tracing of Requirements Rationale in Highly Distributed Projects ACM Risk Identification 2006 Organization Communication wade h. baker, loren paul rees, and peter s. tippett NECESSARY MEASURES metric-driven information security risk assessment and decision making ACM Risk Assessment 2007 Finance S ¨oren Blom, Matthias Book, Volker Gruhn, Ralf Laue Switch or Struggle: Risk Assessment for Late Integration of COTS Components IEEE Risk Assessment 2007 General Stephen P. Masticola A Simple Estimate of the Cost of Software Project Failures and the Breakeven Effectiveness of Project Risk Management IEEE Risk Analysis 2007 IT Software Development Martin Hà ¶st, Christin Lindholm Different Conceptions in Software Project Risk Assessment ACM Risk Assessment 2007 IT Software Development

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

How To Write A Blackberry Picking Sample Essay

<h1>How To Write A Blackberry Picking Sample Essay</h1><p>If you are searching for an approach to get some incredible school awards and cash then there is no preferable spot to begin once again by taking a blackberry picking test paper and sending it in. It is really a well known method of winning school award cash and is certainly worth looking at on the off chance that you don't have the opportunity or tendency to compose your own school grant.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous school award authors out there that invest so much energy making their award that they regularly neglect to put down the substantial parts like the school award application, school award proposition, school award explore paper, school award theory, and other school award composing subjects. Be that as it may, this is the very piece of a school award that most understudies neglect to address when they apply for cash. School award applications ought to be short, fresh, a nd to the point.</p><p></p><p>Of course, I am not proposing that school award composing ought to be less fascinating or testing, yet on the off chance that your school award application is feeling the loss of a bit of something, at that point you will undoubtedly be dismissed. What's more, in the event that you can't compose a blackberry picking test article all alone, it will be significantly increasingly hard to get a school award, regardless of how great you think you are.</p><p></p><p>Of course, in the event that you don't have the opportunity to give to composing a blackberry picking test paper then you are going to need to discover a school award essayist that is eager to assist you with keeping in touch with one for you. There are numerous expert award scholars who are happy to do only that. You will likely need to make a few inquiries your companions, family, and neighbors who they are aware of a school award writer.</p>& lt;p></p><p>After you have made a few inquiries you ought to feel free to utilize your blackberry picking test exposition as the reason for your discussion with your school award author. The most effortless approach to get your school award cash on the off chance that you are savvy about your awards is to sell yourself.</p><p></p><p>A extraordinary case of selling yourself originates from a well known blackberry picking story. Thinking back to the 1970's, Ray Russell, a productive blackberry picker, needed to open another homestead, so he chose to try out his new business thought to a portion of his old friends.</p><p></p><p>Unfortunately, his pitch went this way: 'I'm a person that like to blackberry pick, and I have some wild stories to tell. That is everything I can consider to state.' obviously his pitch went over huge on the grounds that he was fruitful and the companions of his companions enlightened others concern ing him and his story.</p><p></p><p>So, on the off chance that you need to get a grant or win a grant, at that point you are going to need to become familiar with some extraordinary blackberry picking tips and strategies. This article will tell you the best way to be an uncommon blackberry picking test exposition writer.</p>

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

The Honest to Goodness Truth on 3rd Grade Essay Samples

<h1> The Honest to Goodness Truth on third Grade Essay Samples </h1> <h2> What About third Grade Essay Samples? </h2> <p>That wasn't my absolute first taste of fame. Envision you're a mountain and you're sitting and viewing the world. On the off chance that you are feeling along these lines it's superb guidance to quiet your fervor and focus at work within reach. The real people exceptionally acclaim our article help site. </p> <p>Your child's assignments will change, yet you can envision an assortment of short sit-and-compose assignments, along with longer undertakings that length weeks or months, allowing understudies the chance to reflect and modify their work with time. Educational's story like shrewdness. be that as it may, it additionally helps youngsters recorded as a hard copy prompts. For this absolute first year, be that as it may, the possibility of an exposition will likely be fresh out of the plastic new. On the off chance that you've just moved on from school or college and are searching for a generally excellent activity, you should get a convincing resume to dazzle your future manager. </p> <p>Consult your kids to help you in making records and record messages. Your rundown will simply flexibly you with a migraine in the event that you don't find a solution for end your issues. The substance in a passage ought to be written in a particular way to keep agreement. These days you can look over a genuine top rundown! </p> <h2>Life After third Grade Essay Samples </h2> <p>Order first rate exposition right now and guaranteed experts will do their absolute best to flexibly you with higher caliber at moderate cost. Lamentably, when any evident cash on-line gambling club in the USA is offered to an alternate organization this entire procedure must be rehashed. It is recommended to search for the one which has an incredible notoriety and offers top notch papers at economical rates. Regardless, you'll unquestionably like our value arrangement. </p> <p>You can likewise connect with your essayist to flexibly some overabundance suggestions or solicitation data in regards to the request's advancement. Not surprisingly, when you have questions at that point don't spare a moment to ask me. There are a ton of reasons why you should incline toward our administrations. To verify you will find a total response to each address, we have a help group that is consistently on the web. </p> <p>A Customer Avatar permits you to find out the particular qualities of individuals who like to purchase what you're selling. Having an incredible Customer Avatar offers you a capacity to discuss intensely with the people that are well on the way to turn into your clients. </p> <h2>Want to Know More About third Grade Essay Samples? </h2> <p>The request remains precisely the same for a wide range of sections. When you're attempting to lose or keep up your weight that is current formats may be useful. The indispensable element is it's extra completely free chips and attributes added to the beginning parity at no expense. You might want to get kudos for the troublesome work you did.</p> <p>You could likewise start with another passage once your perusers need a rest. Innovative Essay composing is right now perceived among the most supportive action for kids for their general character improvement. For such a responsible sort of paper, we'll sele ct just the absolute best essayist with a Ph.D. degree. </p> <p>Furthermore, the master author will help with article better than should you complete it without anyone else inside two or three hours. The point of this kind of composing is to make the peruser experience the story firsthand. It isn't critical to us, regardless of whether you're excessively occupied at work focusing on an energy undertaking, or just burnt out on an apparently endless stream of assignments. Portray your preferred hobby. </p> <h2> Facts, Fiction and third Grade Essay Samples</h2> <p>When requesting with our business, you can have confidence that the paper will be finished at its best, which implies that your teacher will be in all likelihood content with the work achieved. Research is the point at which you look for more data on a theme. Scholastic papers can't contain any signs of literary theft. </p> <p>The most as often as possible experienced paper composing administration that the main part of our customers require is article composing. Besides, we are a prepared office. Our site is only one of the most suitable for article help. You can believe the absolute best exposition help on the web. </p>

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Interesting Topics For a Reaser Paper on Japan

Interesting Topics For a Reaser Paper on JapanThe questions to ask when writing a reaser should be made up of different ideas, it is important to write your paper on interesting topics that will keep the readers interested. Usually this topic will depend on the type of audience you are looking to appeal to.For example, if you are writing for a general public then the topic may not be so important. However, if you are writing for a class you will need to include subjects that interest the students so they will want to know more about the topic. In addition, you can include more specialized topics if the topics you write are related to the class.It is important to note that an interesting topic for a reaser paper is one that will stay in the mind of the reader. It is important that the subject has relevance to the reader. Many times people are turned off by reading on subjects that seem far away or dull. Thus, it is necessary to make sure that the reaser paper you write is relevant to the readers.One topic that is very relevant to those who are planning to go to Japan is the topic of Japan. Many students often forget this important information and simply try to find answers on their own. When writing a reaser on Japan, it is best to leave out very technical and foreign words and stick to everyday words.The most common topic for writing a reaser on Japan is history. Students who want to learn about the culture and history of Japan will usually prefer to learn about history than listening to lectures.Another topic that will keep the readers interested is economics. This is because the topic is such an interesting topic that the reader will want to know what are the current issues affecting Japan and the world.One other thing to consider is using English as the language. With most English speaking countries, there are American English translations available online that can help the reader understand Japanese. You can also learn from the extensive reading materials a vailable from the Japanese Library.With the many new topics to choose from, you will have no problem finding topics that will keep the readers interested. However, in order to be successful with the writing of a reaser, it is very important to do some research and choose topics that will appeal to the audience. It will be much easier to write a good paper when the reader will want to know more.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

How to Use Articles Submission Services to Get High Quality Citations

<h1>How to Use Articles Submission Services to Get High Quality Citations</h1><p>Citation examine papers ought to have an exceptionally clear and succinct substance. With the present situation of counterfeiting, copyright encroachment and phony data on sites, getting quality outcomes are significant. Individuals who have been appropriated or have prominent articles distributed in different distributions would have the option to get an expansion in the article positioning with the assistance of excellent references. It is significant that reference inquire about papers ought to mirror the essayist's own perspectives and opinions.</p><p></p><p>A elegantly composed paper gives the writer believability. Refering to your source when required is the most principal part of the reference. The subject of the paper likewise assumes a significant job. Papers that address momentum issues, for example, approach, science and innovation are favored over res earch papers that are simply of verifiable intrigue. The more broad the subject is, the more best it is for perusers to have the option to find the hotspots for the claims.</p><p></p><p>With the measure of rivalry among authors today, it is significant that one uses the assistance of a specialist essayist. This guarantees the paper isn't composed from an assessment yet rather is a reasonable and compact research paper. Master journalists can likewise help with amending existing work and altering the paper for any linguistic errors.</p><p></p><p>Writers who have presented their work to a few distributers will find that their work is gradually acknowledged. Scholars who have been distributed in particular diaries will have a decent information on the best way to introduce their work. So as to guarantee a quick turnaround time, it is significant that these scholars to present their papers to more than one distributing house.</p>< p></p><p>Publishers as a rule have their own site and can acknowledge the reference look into papers legitimately there. The web has made it simple for perusers to get to distributions and also the straightforwardness with which these papers can be gotten to on the web. Ensure that the creative cycle is done as fast as could be expected under the circumstances so the distributed work doesn't need to sit on the rack. Perhaps the most ideal approaches to get an expansion in the positioning of the paper is to pick the best catchphrases that are pertinent to the exploration. Selecting the correct catchphrases and utilizing them to compose a compelling paper won't just get the consideration of the perusers yet will likewise ensure a top page rank in the web crawlers. Utilizing the right watchwords will carry a constant flow of traffic to the creators' site where they can likewise put the connections to other related websites.</p><p></p><p>Citations are essential as they go about as the reason for all the points canvassed in the paper. The more references remembered for the paper, the more presentation that the paper will get. The references ought to be applicable to the subject of the paper yet on the off chance that the essayist isn't certain about what to incorporate, he/she can have an expert supervisor to investigate the entire paper before the author really submits it.</p><p></p><p>Using articles accommodation administrations is a helpful and bother free approach to get quality papers. Having a predictable and brief yield of value investigate papers is the best thing that an essayist can do. It additionally guarantees that the author can arrive at his/her objectives since there will be no postponements in the articles coming to the readers.</p>

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Andrew Fastow The Enron Corporation And The Pioneer Of...

In 1990 Enron market value increased from $3.5 billion to $35 billion by the end of 1999 (Ivey Business Journal, 2016). During this time Andrew Fastow was the chief financial officer of the Enron Corporation and the pioneer of the financial implication that brought Enron crumbling down. In this nine-year time frame this feat was admired by companies around the globe. Andrew received a CFO Magazine award for his work at Enron and had lavish parties celebrating the results of the quarterly earnings (Ivey Business Journal, 2016). Unbeknownst to Andrew Fastow, just three years after raising the value of Enron by nearly $32 billion, his ethical decisions would cost him his freedom. Andrew Fastow fashioned a great deal of off-balanced documentation that immensely misrepresented Enron’s debts and essentially overstated the firm’s earnings and net worth (Seijts, Gerard, 2002). With the documentation created by Andrew the company essentially hid billions of dollars from the public and its shareholders. The collapse resulted in 30,000 employees losing their jobs and an economic down fall (Accedo Verlagssgesellschaft Munchen, 2013). One of the main issues with the Enron case is that even though Andrew Fastow thought what he was doing by creating the off-balanced sheets was a great and new inventive way, he should have known that this was unethical. Though the company may have bolstered their stock and gained a significant amount of money, when the truth was revealed manyShow MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of Enron Corporation1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Enron Corporation and how the collapse of Enron Corporation consequence affected the United states financial market. Enron Corporation was the seventh largest company in the United States, and had the biggest audit failure. In this Research paper, it describes the reason of Enron Corporation collapse, including details of the internal/ external management, accounting fraud, and conflict of interest. Enron is the largest bankruptcy in America history! The Collapse of Enron Corporation andRead MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreCorporate Governance : The Top Level Managements3102 Words   |  13 Pageseconomic policy. However, over the years, many such corporate governance failures have been a root cause in the company’s demise. The top level managements’ misleading actions have been detrimental to their organization. International scandals such as Enron, Worldcomm, and Tyco International, have created a stir in the economy and harmed their company. Many top level staffs were fired, accused and even tried in court, with a majority of them facing prison sentences even till now. Recent Corporate Scandals

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Why Everybody Is Talking About Essay Topics for Oedipus the King...The Simple Truth Revealed

<h1> Why Everybody Is Talking About Essay Topics for Oedipus the King...The Simple Truth Revealed </h1> <p>There's 1 thing about Biff-he isn't lethargic. Ladies weren't offered the specific encounters as men inside that second. Another uncalled for thing, it's. The various types of saints can change in their significance, yet above all, the sad legend is seen just like irrefutably the most charming of every one of them. </p> <p>Looking once again into the play, we find that there's a profound connection between the legend's free choice of activity and its unavoidable result. Obviously the setting takes a significant part in the play. Likewise, he's no longer accountable for the boat. Auto technician business program. </p> <h2>A Secret Weapon for Essay Topics for Oedipus the King </h2> <p>Complication Oedipus begins to acknowledge he is by one way or another embroiled in Laius' homicide. When, by method of model, Creon astutely ind icates that they should discuss the prediction from the prophet in private, Oedipus cannot, demanding that every single activity connected to liberating defilement from the city must be open. The appalling man is the mystery part in the two plays. Pick 1 disaster and discussion about the capacity of the ensemble. </p> <h2> Up in Arms About Essay Topics for Oedipus the King? </h2> <p>Search Engine Optimization can be completed in all aspects of a site to ensure it is exceptionally obvious in questions and results pages. In this piece, we're probably going to inspect some of the significant qualities to scan for in a best PDF altering PC programming. A Portable Document Format is an application that is utilized to show information or the information in a manner that is proficient. </p> <p>This article will decide the parallel restrictions inside the 2 plays. The peruser is indicated a series of occasions plotted out from which Oedipus can't get away . See Oedipus and Aristotle for more information about the thought of terrible blemishes. Take for example a segment of the past discussion among Jocasta and Oedipus. </p> <h2>Essay Topics for Oedipus the King Features </h2> <p>It is when the dubiousness of the story started to lessen, getting a more brilliant perspective on expectation of what will occur straightaway. Their endeavors to forestall the issue lie in the way in which they handle circumstances with outrage and a feeling like they were under analysis. In any case, paying little heed to all his positive characteristics, he's a man that is inclined to pomposity and rash practices. A push to clarify unreasonable issues is a condition with various questions. </p> <p>This is the thing that it should be. The phases where the plays would have and will be done on contrast altogether. The possibility of segregation. </p> <h2>The 5-Minute Rule for Essay Topics for Oedipus the King &l t;/h2> <p>If you decide to create your paper completely all alone, yet don't see how to start, read through the aides and tests on our blog. It's additionally fitting to be in an incredible situation to get a kick out of a couple of extremely phenomenal thoughts streaming inside this paper as you make it one of the most intriguing papers you've at any point achieved in an exceptionally drawn-out period of time. Inside this document group, you may include textual styles, outskirts, pictures and utilize an assortment of hues. PaperCoach will have the option to assist you with every one of your papers, so investigate the occasion! </p> <p>The two of these occasions happen almost at the same time near the finish of Oedipus Tyrannus. The most noteworthy nature of Oedipus is that he doesn't twist in face of affliction. </p> <p>Tiresias, who's genuinely visually impaired can watch the reality of Oedipus life. Indeed, even the divine beings can't change Fate. </p> <h2>The Lost Secret of Essay Topics for Oedipus the King </h2> <p>The prophet that could watch the dreams of future is everything except daze. Furthermore, it shows the hugeness of predictions all through that time since these can precisely foresee future occasions and destinies. The full prediction was satisfied. Force might be utilized for devastation, or it might be used to achieve enormity. </p> <h2> What to Expect From Essay Topics for Oedipus the King?</h2> <p>Remember that in this sort of composing, you're ready to ever get another chance to make an initial introduction, so attempt and utilize the 1 open door you have. In a group of people point of view, what occurred toward the end is for the most part because of his lead. An individual may find substance or some data which might be u tilized for papers, reports, ventures and a ton more. Peruse the following article to learn approaches to promptly do that. </p> <h2> The Benefits of Essay Topics for Oedipus the King</h2> <p>Haemon's dad must bear the heap of realizing he is responsible for the passings of two youthful people. Thus, people can't be the owners of their own one of a kind destinies. Finding out about destiny and unrestrained choice is something which grants you to get a superior perception of the two. Music collection business program. </p>

Saturday, May 9, 2020

New Step by Step Roadmap for Julius Caesar Research Paper

<h1> New Step by Step Roadmap for Julius Caesar Research Paper</h1> <h2> Definitions of Julius Caesar Research Paper</h2> <p>It was a republic for a considerable length of time. Having gotten the boundless force, Julius started to complete changes in different circle of life of the country. Julius Caesar requested that property must be acknowledged for reimbursement in its pre-war cost and reestablished a previous law which denied the holding of more than 60,000 sesterces in real money by any 1 individual. Cassius ways out to address another bit of the gathering. </p> <h2> Up in Arms About Julius Caesar Research Paper?</h2> <p>If you might want to choose the island, consume the vessels! The them two are amazingly comparative in their driving ways. This very schedule, with a couple minor changes, is the specific one utilized far and wide nowadays. </p> <p>They comprehended the obligation of military help. There's constantly a way, your work is simply to discover it and seek after it with all your capacity. The absolute best thing about our composing administration is you could flexibly an entire depiction and get it composed precisely the bearing you require it. So apparently there is constantly an answer, regardless of whether you're spending or taking excessively. </p> <p>A play has the additional in addition to of investigating the enthusiastic and physical aspects of a condition, not just the scholarly ones. It's magnificent how various characters flourish in different conditions, and adjust. Just on the grounds that everybody have both positive and negative characteristics. Take a gander at the notion and the extraordinary occasions portrayed inside this scene. </p> <p>The discussion is unmistakably demonstrative of the straightforward certainty they are stressed that Caesar is becoming progressively increasingly incredible, and that is making him excessively self-important. Caesar was the sole one who lived long enough to begin adjusting the viewpoint. Disregarding the insufficiency of his assets, he appears to have picked a political profession as usual. </p> <p>Contemporary grant is isolated on the point. Since you've discovered your way through Shakespeare exposition point, prompts, and the thoughts, it's in every case best to check up with brief historical data which is insightful to have in your article! It is among the most doubtful points in the present antiquarianism. </p> <p>At our exposition support, articles are constantly conveyed in a short second. Utilize a highlighterto make it less complex to discover the proposition proclamation and every one of the subject sentences. You will be so astounded by the amount increasingly persuaded you should complete the subject when you have perused an example paper. The subjects are to a great extent connected to morals. </p> <p>Back in Caesar's time, it was not as straightforward for people to procure their voice heard. After the title character in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is killed, a few characters believe it's an awesome idea, a few characters believe it's a lousy thought. Moreover, if Brutus was not in the play, the whole finish of the play wouldn't ever happen. Expound with respect to race in the play. </p> <p>For this you may keep yourself instead of character and envision what's going on in the brain of the character. In the event that you prevail with regards to getting a legend, you can't purchase the very same saint until 1 moment later. The bigger the objective, the expanded penance is required. The best penance was being in a situation to take an individual's own life. </p> <p>It isn't anything but difficult to envision a making of Julius Caesar upholding the idea of death as a political apparatus. This untruth is basic to the account for the explanation that it persuades Caesar to go to the senate where his homicide occurs. </p> <p>Over the resulting seven decades, Caesar drove his militaries to overcome huge locales of Europe. Where he needed to pick up order of a major military. He was a huge creator. As pioneer, he attempted to bring numerous changes into the Roman Empire, for example, presenting another schedule dependent on the Egyptian model of the sun, as opposed to the old framework dependent on the moon. </p> <p>Be sure that your paper covers the enthusiastic piece of the character and his political insight. So once you scramble plain content information you will get another message that is typically nonsense. Ensure you select an amazing model with the goal that you're duplicating the structure and substance from a phenomenal paper. In the event that you endeavor to compose the whole thing in APA design, you'll most likely fall flat. </p>

Cold War Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience!

<h1>Cold War Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! </h1> <p>It was known as the Cold War on the grounds that there was no dynamic war between the two countries, which was presumably a result of the dread of atomic heightening. The final product was wrecking to the United States. The effects of the old war Even however there was no significant slaughter, there were negative and beneficial outcomes that came out of the war. Ponder the result of the Cold War and its outcomes on the present reality. </p> <p>These contrasts caused a lot of sick inclination among america and the Soviet Union. The improvement of the perspectives on J.L. Gaddis on the wellspring of the Cold War. Without a doubt the most significant understandings in the circle of arms control of the Cold War. The beginning of the Cold War the encounter of the 2 frameworks on the planet field. </p> <h2>The Importance of Cold War Argumentative Essay Topics </h2> <p>As you may accept that to have the option to make a generally excellent unique factious paper, you must commit the entire evening examining, it isn't precise. Remember our free examples are there for you in the occasion you need a few hints for your paper! There are bunches of determinations of points dependent regarding the matter you would choose to create a paper. It's conceivable to request that your friends look at the paper for you, assuming there is any chance of this happening. </p> <p>Failure to use a key source will end in a 5-point punishment. Notwithstanding what arrangement you've been mentioned to use in your paper, we be mindful so as to watch this, and constantly inside your desire for top quality. Fortunate for you, it's an electronic webpage that is promptly available to anyone who approaches a confided in online association. You ought to have your reasons, and our chief concern is that you end up getting a phenomenal evaluation. </p> <p>Whether there are exercises that brought about the expansion existing apart from everything else, show them also. It can assist you with acquiring the peruser's advantage. A lot of time enters the making of the review. To top every last bit of it, our rates stay to be incredibly affordable.</p> <p>The up and coming passages will be the 3 key purposes of your contention, and the past section will be your decision. Your paper should be requested in an intelligent manner, and not bounce around all around the spot. The fact of the matter isn't simply to find a key source, however use it well. You've gone to the best possible spot! </p> <h2> Top Cold War Argumentative Essay Topics Choices </h2> <p>You must be very certain with respect to the idea you need to develop. Both boss belief systems right now, private enterprise and socialism were both direct inverses and couldn't exist with each other. You have to have a wide mindset to deliver a plea sant review. Remembering that, it is more straightforward to comprehend the country's social assorted variety and multifaceted nature of its history. </p> <p>The space race was an opportunity for the 2 countries to uncover their innovative prevalence. When talking about American history, we all need to attempt to recall that individuals from all through the world have gone to the United States to find a superior future. Looking back it's reasonable it was just a witch chase. It resembled a negative aftereffect of the previous slop occasions. </p> <h2> A Startling Fact about Cold War Argumentative Essay Topics Uncovered</h2> <p>If you're as yet not secure with dealing with the article completely all alone, you can request for the assistance of a talented author. In the wake of finding our site, you will no longer should trouble loved ones with these sorts of solicitations. On the off chance that you need help with your article, kindly don't spare a moment to address us for help. You'll need to back up your perspective with all around explored realities and information as well. </p> <p>Nearly the entirety of this short article is given to posting history subjects that are best for papers, on the whole, it's imperative to get an exceptionally straightforward procedure for utilizing a rundown of potential exposition points along these lines. All together that will enable you to choose, we have assembled a rundown of likely exposition thoughts for you to utilize. At the base of this page, you'll find some awesome instances of American history factious exposition points for you to pick from, and all of them will be intriguing and interesting to discover progressively about. Try not to disregard to bring a cover sheet, if necessary. </p>

Friday, May 8, 2020

Essay Topics in English Language

Essay Topics in English LanguageThe Belsey Lucrece Coaching Consultant, Gary Poulos, offers a whole range of writing advice for students to consider when attempting to be writers in English. The first step towards making a successful essay is to realise that writing is an art and not a science. There are no objective guidelines for writing and the best results can only be achieved by trial and error.Even when there are objective guidelines, they do not mean much if the student does not know what to write about or how to write about it. This is where writing guidance comes in. The Belsey Lucrece Coaching Consultant, Gary Poulos, outlines some guidelines for writers to consider when tackling Belsey essay topics.First, writing is an art and not a science. Secondly, there are no objective guidelines. The best results can only be achieved by trial and error. In his Belsey Essay Writing Book, Gary Poulos offers the following essay topics to help writers:'Starting with a problem or interest and developing it until it has reached the stage of statement - meaning that it is finally fixed and presentable.' The Best Essay Topic is one to consider for any essay that requires personal expression and expresses a student's best interests.'Presenting thesis statement with an introduction (always expressed in the first person).' It is important to be careful with the use of the first person and the use of the word 'it'. If the student uses the word 'it' without some thought as to how he or she is going to use it and perhaps having some ideas in mind but not saying anything, the essay is likely to fall flat.'Introducing argumentative statement and making a connection to a conclusion statement.' The line between interesting essay topics and boring ones is easy to find. In the case of writing topics of this nature, the goal is to have the student develop the ideas further and express them in an interesting and unique way.'Defining the overall theme and introducing argumentative st atements.' This topic should be used to provide a rough outline of what the essay will deal with and how the essay will advance throughout the course of the essay.It is important for a student to be realistic in the expectations that he or she has for the Belsey Lucrece Coaching Consultant, Gary Poulos, when tackling essay topics. Students should also be aware that no two essays are alike and may also differ from one writer to another.

The War Against Expository Essay Topics High School

The War Against Expository Essay Topics High School Top Expository Essay Topics High School Choices School should occur in the evenings. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. The goal of the expository essay is to expand the info on this issue in a logical method. Expository essays have to analyze a specific issue and offer information concerning the means of analyze (for instance, statistics). On the exact same note, it may be an examination or analysis of a specific issue, based on expository essay topics you may choose. Suppose your topic is the significance of mental wellness care. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. If your essay appears to be choppy, correct mistakes with the assistance of transiti on words and phrases. Expository essay is a good method to educate your readers on any topic by only providing useful information without attempting to convince a reader to modify their beliefs. An expository essay is a part of academic writing aimed to supply explanations of various things. If you still find it difficult to work on your expository essay, speak to our on-line writing team made from professional writers with at least 10 decades of experience to acquire your own personal academic lifebuoy! Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Write a nice introduction and you're off to a great start. When you should compose a freelance expository essay either as an element of your homework assignment or as an element of your research for the conclusion of term or middle of term dissertation, there are respective topics you are able to research on. The ability to supply information in various contexts is crucial to effective communication. The best method to improve writing skills is via regular practice. Explain why it's helpful to organize your materials and activities. The Chronicles of Expository Essay Topics High School An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. There are various kinds of essay and they require the special outline. The way to the best essay is via WritePaperFor.Me. In reality, lots of argumentative essays are in fact persuasive papers. If your essay isn't an imaginative narrative, don't forget to do a little research on the topic before you begin prodding your pen on the paper. Expository essay intends to inform readers about some subject with good evidence. In lots of ways, an expository essay is among the simplest essay styles. Thus, it is an academic paper which is meant to explain something, to convey a certain message. Expository Essay Topics High School Fundamentals Explained Still, there's no need to panic! An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. In high school, you're supposed to choose the sort of topic you are going to be in a position to dig into that is, it's necessary for you to be certain you can come across enough info on the discipline. After you've chosen one subject from the scope of expository essay topics, it's time to begin writing. Locate the trustworthy information for the essay topic you are likely to work on. Picking a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. As soon as you've decided on an expository essay topic, you will most likely need several strategies about how to organize the procedure for writing. MLA would be the simplest style to get started with, and it's great for each of the ideas listed above. Choose the one that you liek to compose an ideal expository essay! You will have to include things like all your research sources in a bibliography. Categories, essay topics could be divided into. Expository Essay Topics High School Help! Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. Have they stand next to their desk. Many students think that it is a waste of time.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Joy Luck Club Jing Mei - 3159 Words

Log #1 (Page 5-32) Passage: â€Å"And then it occurs to me. They are frightened. In me, they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all the truths and hopes they have brought to America.† (Tan 31) Context: Jing-mei’s mother Suyuan started the Joy Luck club in 1949, just after she immigrated to San Francisco from China. Suyuan created the Joy Luck Club as a symbol of hope and strength while the club members were transitioning between their old and new lifestyles. Unfortunately, Suyuan died and in her place her daughter, Jing-mei, was to attend the weekly Joy Luck Club meetings. At her first meeting, Jing-mei felt victimized by the other ladies as they criticized her decisions and lifestyle. Just as Jing-mei was going to leave, the ladies presented her with a $1,200 cheque and insisted she use it to visit her half sisters. Jing-mei learned from the ladies that just before her mother died, she was desperately trying to get in contact with her daughters. However, she was never able to visit them after she abandoned them, so the ladies wanted Jing-mei to go and tell them of her mother. Jing-mei was doubtful and anxious about whether she knew her mother well enough to accurat ely explain her life to her older sisters. The ladies lost it when they heard this, demanding it is impossible since Suyuan was her mother after all. Jing-mei realizes that the ladies are fearful for their next generation since the lack of communication between them can prevent theseShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club : Jing Mei Woo1059 Words   |  5 PagesIn a way, Jing-mei Woo is the main character of The Joy Luck Club. (related to what holds something together and makes it strong), her stories serve as bridges between the two generations of storytellers, as Jing-mei speaks both for herself and for her dead mother, Suyuan. Jing-mei also bridges America and China. When she travels to China, she discovers the Chinese essence within herself, this way understanding a deep connection to her mother that she had always ignored. She also brings Suyuan sRead MoreJing Mei Woo : The Joy Luck Club-2238 Words   |  9 PagesReading Journal 1 Short Story Summaries- Jing-mei Woo: The Joy Luck Club- This section of the book starts off with Jing-mei discussing the fact that since her mother passed away she will now be taking over her seat in the joy luck club. After this information is shared, there is background information for the club these women are a part of. Expositional elements are shared in this section as well. In order to keep her family safe, Suyuan moved her twin daughters and herself to Kweilin with otherRead More Relationships of Waverly Jong and Jing-mei Woo in The Joy Luck Club699 Words   |  3 PagesThe Relationships of Waverly Jong and Jing-mei Woo in The Joy Luck Club  Ã‚        Ã‚   Amy Tan in her novel The Joy Luck Club presents us with daughters who are striving to place themselves beyond the control of strong mothers and become individuals. Adrienne Rich in her book Of Woman Born calls this splitting from the mother, matraphobia (Rich, 235), and later notes: The mother stands for the victim in ourselves, the unfree woman, the martyr. Our personalities seem dangerously to blur and overlapRead More The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time the mother and daughter relationship has been complex.   The book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is a great example of the mother and daughter relationship.   In the book Amy Tan writes about four women who migrate to America from China.   All of the women were in search of a better life since the lives they had in China were not what they wanted for themselves.   Even though all of the womenRead More Essay on Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1103 Words   |  5 PagesSearch for Identity in Joy Luck Club      Ã‚   Each person reaches a point in their life when they begin to search for their own, unique identity. In her novel, Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan follows Jing Mei on her search for her Chinese identity – an identity long neglected.    Four Chinese mothers have migrated to America. Each hope for their daughter’s success and pray that they will not experience the hardships faced in China. One mother, Suyuan, imparts her knowledge on her daughter throughRead MoreSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s Relationship in the Joy Luck Club Essays873 Words   |  4 PagesSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s relationship in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, Jing-Mei and her mother have a very rocky relationship. Tan develops a relationship between Suyuan and Jing-Mei that is distant in the beginning due to culture differences and miscommunication, but gradually strengthens with time and understanding. Both of them have different backgrounds and have been influenced by two different cultures. Suyuan grew up in China and behaves according to the ChineseRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan841 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, tells stories of four Chinese mothers and four Chinese-American daughters and their mother-daughter relationship. The four mothers met in a San Francisco church in 1949. Suyuan Woo, founder of the Joy Luck Club, convinced the other mothers An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Yingying St. Clair to join the club. The club would meet every week at one of the mother’s house where they eat food, play mahjong, and brag about their daughters. The Chinese-Ameri can daughters tellRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Lee 11 September 2016 English 203H 1st Period 3 paragraphs â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† Journey of the Swan In Amy Tan’s story â€Å"The Joy Luck Club,† Jing-mei recalls the struggles she is burdened by in not understanding the extensive sacrifices her mother made and the guilt she carries of never living to be her mother’s swan. For the majority of her life, June has battled with the tedious thoughts of why her mother never seemed content with her. â€Å"Auntie Lin and my mother were both best friends andRead More Improving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1216 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club One day everything is going great, in fact things could not be better and then you say something and your friend turns to you and says â€Å"oh my god, you sounded just like your mother†.   That is when you freak out and think to yourself it is true I am turning into my mother.   This is every daughters worst nightmare come true.   When a young girl is growing up her mother always says and does things that the girl vows she will neverRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdaughters. In one of Tan’s novels, The Joy Luck Club, she writes to get the point across of how difficult it is for contrasting cultures to communicate with one another, â€Å"...out of an intense concern with the individual artistic choices she was making at every level and at every moment† (Evans 3). The passionate message Tan stresses in the novel demonstrate how crucial communication is to her, specifically between a mother and daughter. In The Joy Luck Club, four women from China move to San Francisco

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Congestive Heart Failure for Left Hypertrophy -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCongestive Heart Failure for Left Hypertrophy. Answer: Several causes can lead to the development of CHF. One of the important causes behind the development of the CHF is previous reported cases of myocardial infarction (Graham et al., 2010). According to the reports published by Graham et al. (2010), CHF is common among the 50% of the patients who have previously reported cases of myocardial infarction (MI). MI is also defined as heart attack or an irreversible death of the heart muscle arising out of the lack of adequate oxygen supply. Since the body was previously suffering from the lack of adequate oxygen within the body, there occurs immense stress over the heart muscles and vessels in pumping blood. These increases in the stress of the heart muscles create strain and thereby hampering their elasticity and all these cumulates towards the development of CHF (Graham et al., 2010). Mrs. McKenzie has developed MI at the age of 65 and that might be cited as a reason behind the development of CHF at 77 years of her age. One of the important risk factors behind the development of CHF poorly controlled high blood pressure (Cooper-DeHoff et al., 2010). According to Cooper-DeHoff et al. (2010), prolong report of high blood pressure results in the formation of left ventricular hypertrophy along with thickening of the heart muscles and this results in inadequate relaxation of heart muscles along with irregular heart beat and thereby leading to the generation of CHF. Moreover, prolong cases of high blood pressure makes it extremely difficult of the heart to meet the oxygen demand of all the organs of the body especially during exercise and as a result, the heart rate increases. These frequent cases of increase in heart rate along with deficiency of oxygen supply to all the organs of the body ultimately lead to the development of CHF (Cooper-DeHoff et al., 2010). Mrs. McKenzi has high blood pressure (170/100 mm Hg) and it was also reported that she suffers from shortness of breath and this increases when sh e does gardening and all these lead to the development of CHF. Age is another factor which has increased the risk factor of people like Mrs. McKenzi to develop CHF (Bui, Horwich Fonarow, 2011). Apart from damaging the physical health of the individual, CHF, also cast a significant impact on the mental health of the patients and this contribute to emotional burden. People with CHF, fails to perform their daily living activity due to their shortness of breath and thus they become dependent on other creating poor self-esteem. Moreover, CHF demands regular monitoring along with costly medication, which creates both mental and physical burden over the family members (Rutledge et al., 2013). Following the case study of Mrs. McKinzie, it can be stated that her shortness of breath, swelling of ankles, nausea and dizziness, cold feet and high blood pressure are main symptoms of CHF. Below mentioned is the pathophisiology of the each symptom. Symptoms Pathophysiology Shortness of breath CHF is defined as the difficulty of heart to supply adequate oxygen to the different organs of the body. This lack of adequate oxygen leads to the development of shortness of breath. In CHF the fluid backs up into the lungs and this interferes with the oxygen getting into the blood thereby causing dyspnea while at rest and orthopnea at night (Kemp Conte, 2012). Swelling of ankles Edema is common symptoms of CHF which leads to the development of swelling of ankles. Edema generally occurs due to the activation of humoral and non-humoral mechanism promoting re-absorption of the sodium and water from the kidneys and thereby increasing the body fluid concentration. As the right ventricular side of the heart begins to malfunction because of CHF, the fluid retention initiations and the extra fluid gets collected at the lower part of the body, feet (Kemp nd Conte, 2012). Nausea and Dizziness CHF leads to persistent tiredness along with difficulty in performing daily living activities because arising persistent tiredness. nausea and dizziness arise out of fatigue and can be regarded as the first symptom of CHF. The neurologic reason behind the development of nausea is related with the emetic centre of the brain, which occurs due to the lack of oxygen supply (Kemp Conte, 2012). According to Kemp and Conte (2012), the onset of nauseas may be attributed by the change in the level of vasopressin (common in CHF). Cold feet and finger tips According to Kemp and Conte (2012), feeling of cold in the extremities happens because the body is circulating the majority of available blood to the brain and other vital organs in order to compensate the reduced ability of heart to pump adequate blood to the different parts of the body. High blood pressure In CHF there occurs fluid build up within the body and increase in thickening of the heart muscle, this increases the labour of the heart to pump the blood to the different parts of the body leading to increase in blood pressure (Kemp Conte, 2012). Digitalis glycosides According to Ambrosy et al. (2014), digitalis glycosides is used for people who are suffering from heart failure which results out of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction. Digitalis glycosides is given along with standard CHF theray like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers and diuretics (Ambrosy et al., 2014). Digitalis glycosides works via inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPAse in the myocardium. Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase increases the intracellular level of sodium resulting in a decrease of sodium-calcium exchangers activity. Lack of activity of sodium-calcium exchanger increases the intracellular concentration of calcium ion and this lengthens phase 4 and phase 0 of cardiac action potential, which leads to the decrease in heart rate. Increase in intracellular Ca2+ ions increases the concentration of Ca2+ ion the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca2+ ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is released during the action potential and thereby increasing the contractility of the he art without increasing hearts energy expenditure (Ambrosy et al., 2014). ACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors reduce the formation of heart damaging hormones. ACR inhibitors have also been found to decrease the workload of the heart via decreasing blood pressure. The main action of ACE inhibitors is it blocks the formation of angiostenin II via blocking the conversion of angiostenin to angiostenin II. Angiostenin II is mainly responsible for the narrowing of the blood vessels and thereby increasing the blood pressure. Thus, decrease in the formation of angiostenin II prevents the narrowing of the blood pressure and this in turn prevents the vasoconstriction and thereby causing relaxation of the heart muscles and overall decrease in heart load and subsequent blood pressure (van Vark et al., 2012). ACE inhibitors also work via controlling rennin-anngiostenin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and this in turn controls the fluctuations of blood pressure and the fluid balance of the body. Proper control of the fluid balance of the body, decreases the fluid retention in the lower extremitie s and thereby reducing the load of the heart to pump blood with more pressure (van Vark et al., 2012). It was important to design an effective nursing care strategy for a patient admitted to emergency care department with complaints of potential congestive heart failure. During designing the effective nursing plans and interventions for the patient, some of the clinical conditions need to be taken into consideration such as the current medications of the patient along with effectively monitoring the test results from the physical examination of the patient. The ECG recordings of Mrs. Mckenzie showed sinus bradycardia , whereas the chest x-ray depicted cardiac enlargement and lower lobe infiltrates. In this case, the condition of lower lobe infiltrates could be referred to mycoplasma pneumonia (Carthon, Lasater, Sloane, Kutney-Lee, 2015). A number of care plans and interventions could be designed for the patient depending upon the need. Some of these have been discussed in order of priorities such as administering supplemental oxygen. The patient had a history of myocardial infarction and had been complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The tests reported the presence of lower limb infiltrates which could be due to early stage pneumonia. Therefore, putting the patient on supplemental oxygen could have reduced the chances of occurrence of hypoxia (Hemphill et al., 2015). Since the patient had reported sinus bachycardia and recorded an abnormally low heart rate of 54 beats per minute. Thus, apical pulse monitoring on every hourly basis could help in keeping a record of any abnormality within the heart rate of the patient (Buck et al., 2015). The nurse should also keep a record of the vital signs of the patient such as awareness of surroundings and responsiveness. The condition of the patient could be followed up with the help of the ABCD pathway; where A refers to airway, b breathing, c- cardiopulmonary resuscitation and D- disability and E-exposure. From the diagnosis, it was confirmed that Mrs. Mckeinze had potential heart failure. Therefore, apart fr om the interventions mentioned above the nurse needs to focus upon the medication plans of the patient. Some of the medications, which were offered to the patient over here are digitoxin, frusemide, analine etc. The digitoxin helped in prolonging the refractory period of the atrioventricualr junction and helped to increase the cardiac efficiency output. The frusemide administration would help in curing the fluid buildup due to heart failure. Therefore, providing the patient with such medication would have been beneficial as the patient showed signs of cardiac enlargement, which could be entitled to the fluid buildup. The nurse can use electric thoracic bioimpedance technique (TEB) for measuring the cardiac output (Riegel, Dickson Faulkner, 2016). The test should be repeated within 72 hours in order to analyze the overall condition of the patient. In case, the patient had shown abnormality immediate referral of the patient to be done. Additionally, a chart needs to be maintained for effective medication management of the patient. References Ambrosy, A. P., Butler, J., Ahmed, A., Vaduganathan, M., Van Veldhuisen, D. J., Colucci, W. S., Gheorghiade, M. (2014). The use of digoxin in patients with worsening chronic heart failure: reconsidering an old drug to reduce hospital admissions.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,63(18), 1823-1832. Buck, H. G., Harkness, K., Wion, R., Carroll, S. L., Cosman, T., Kaasalainen, S., ... Strachan, P. H. (2015). Caregivers contributions to heart failure self-care: a systematic review.European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,14(1), 79-89. Bui, A. L., Horwich, T. B., Fonarow, G. C. (2011). Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure.Nature Reviews Cardiology,8(1), 30. Carthon, J. M. B., Lasater, K. B., Sloane, D. M., Kutney-Lee, A. (2015). The quality of hospital work environments and missed nursing care is linked to heart failure readmissions: a cross-sectional study of US hospitals.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2014. Cooper-DeHoff, R. M., Gong, Y., Handberg, E. M., Bavry, A. A., Denardo, S. J., Bakris, G. L., Pepine, C. J. (2010). Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease.Jama,304(1), 61-68. Graham, D. J., Ouellet-Hellstrom, R., MaCurdy, T. E., Ali, F., Sholley, C., Worrall, C., Kelman, J. A. (2010). Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone.Jama,304(4), 411-418. Hemphill, J. C., Greenberg, S. M., Anderson, C. S., Becker, K., Bendok, B. R., Cushman, M., ... Scott, P. A. (2015). Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke,46(7), 2032-2060. Kemp, C. D., Conte, J. V. (2012). The pathophysiology of heart failure.Cardiovascular Pathology,21(5), 365-371. Riegel, B., Dickson, V. V., Faulkner, K. M. (2016). The situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care: revised and updated.Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,31(3), 226-235. Rutledge, T., Redwine, L. S., Linke, S. E., Mills, P. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of mental health treatments and cardiac rehabilitation for improving clinical outcomes and depression among patients with coronary heart disease.Psychosomatic medicine,75(4), 335-349. van Vark, L. C., Bertrand, M., Akkerhuis, K. M., Brugts, J. J., Fox, K., Mourad, J. J., Boersma, E. (2012). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality in hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of reninangiotensinaldosterone system inhibitors involving 158 998 patients.European heart journal,33(16), 2088-2097.